Variation of the Kuroshio in the Tokara Strait Induced by Meso-Scale Eddies     

Kaoru Ichikawa 《Journal of Oceanography》2001,57(1):55-68

Temporal variations of the Kuroshio volume transport in the Tokara Strait and at the ASUKA line are decomposed by phase-propagating Complex EOF modes of high-resolution sea surface dynamic topography (SSDT) field during the first tandem period of TOPEX/POSEIDON and ERS-1 (from October 1992 to December 1993). Both variations are dominated by a mode with nearly semi-annual cycle, which indicates a series of interactions between the Kuroshio and meso-scale eddies. Namely, northern part of a westward-propagating meso-scale eddy at 23°N is captured into the southern side of the Kuroshio at the south of Okinawa, then it moves downstream along the Kuroshio path passing the Tokara Strait, and reaches to the ASUKA line where it merges with another eddy propagating from the east at 30°N. The variation at the ASUKA line is, however, less dominated by this mode; instead, it includes the SSDT variations in the south of Shikoku and the east of Kyushu which would be directly affected by eddies from the east without passing the Tokara Strait. On the other hand, the same analysis for movements of the Kuroshio axis in the Strait indicates that they are governed by short-term variations locally confined to the Kuroshio in the East China Sea without being induced by meso-scale eddies. This results, however, seem to depend strongly on a time scale of interest. It is suggested that the long-term movements of the Kuroshio axis in the Strait would demonstrate coincidence with SSDT variation in the south of Japan.  相似文献   

Three-year investigations into sperm whale-fall ecosystems in Japan   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Yoshihiro Fujiwara  Masaru Kawato  Tomoko Yamamoto  Toshiro Yamanaka  Waka Sato-Okoshi  Chikayo Noda  Shinji Tsuchida  Tomoyuki Komai  Sherine Sonia Cubelio  Takenori Sasaki  Karen Jacobsen  Kaoru Kubokawa  Katsunori Fujikura  Tadashi Maruyama  Yasuo Furushima  Kenji Okoshi  Hiroshi Miyake  Masayuki Miyazaki  Yuichi Nogi  Akiko Yatabe  & Takashi Okutani 《Marine Ecology》2007,28(1):219-232

We report the first study of sperm whale‐fall ecosystems, based on mass sinking of whale carcasses at shelf depths in the northwest Pacific. We conducted three observations over a 2‐year period on replicate sperm‐whale carcasses implanted at depths of 219–254 m off the southern part of Japan from July 2003 to August 2005. The study was made possible by a mass stranding of sperm whales in January 2002, and the subsequent sinking of 12 carcasses in the waters off Cape Nomamisaki. Dense aggregations of unique chemosynthesis‐based fauna had formed around the whale carcasses after 18 months (July 2003). The mytilid mussel Adipicola pacifica was the most abundant macrofaunal species and covered most of the exposed bone surfaces. The general composition of the fauna was similar to that of deep‐water reducing habitats, but none of the species appearing in this study has been found at hydrothermal vents, cold seeps or deep‐water whale falls. A new species of lancelet, which was the first record of the subphylum Cephalochordata from reducing environments, a new species of Osedax; a rarely encountered benthic ctenophore, and a rare gastropod species were discovered at this sperm whale‐fall site. Benthic communities were similar across all the carcasses studied, although the body sizes of the whales were very different. The succession of epifaunal communities was relatively rapid and the sulphophilic stage was considerably shorter than that of other known whale falls.  相似文献   

Analysis of ocean color spectra (III)     

Noboru Okami  Motoaki Kishino  Shigehiko Sugihara  Noburu Takematsu  Sanae Unoki 《Journal of Oceanography》1983,38(6):362-372

The spectral measurements of the attenuation coefficient of sea water and the absorption coefficient of suspended particles and of yellow substance were made with a spectrophotometer for the sea waters sampled in Tokyo Bay. These parameters can be used to compute the expected spectral irradiance reflectance. Some relationships between the optical properties of sea water and the concentration of dissolved organic carbon, the dry weight of suspended matter and chlorophyll-a concentration are presented. On the basis of these results, the possibility of modelling the relationship between optical and material properties is discussed.  相似文献   

Reaction of juvenile flounder to grid separators   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Matsushita  Yoshiki; Fujita  Kaoru; Ikegami  Naoya; Ohata  Satoshi 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2004,61(7):1174-1178

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Abundance of nauplii and protein synthesis activity of adult female copepods in the Kuroshio front during the Japanese sardine spawning season     

Kaoru Nakata 《Journal of Oceanography》1990,46(5):219-229

In order to point out the potential importance of the Kuroshio front as a feeding ground for the early post larvae of the Japanese sardine, distributions of copepod nauplii—the principal food for the larvae—were investigated.Nauplii were abundant in and near the front and in a warm water mass off Ensyu-nada, where the concentration of chlorophylla was high. Adult females ofParacalanus sp. were dominant in the copepod group there, and the protein synthesis activity shown by the RNA/DNA ratio was high. It is expected that copepod egg productivity is enhanced in the area where food phytoplankton is abundant, because the RNA/DNA ratio showed a positive correlation to chlorophylla in situ.In and near the front, high chlorophylla concentration—which is probably supported by nutrient supply caused by local upwelling and/or eddies at the front—contributes to the high RNA/DNA ratio of the copepods. The relatively large biomass of copepod nauplii at the front may be supported by female's high egg productivity. It is supposed, as a result, that food availability for the early post larvae of the Japanese sardine is increased in and near the Kuroshio front.  相似文献   

The thermal effects of cooling system of a thermal power plant on photosynthesis of marine phytoplankton     

Kaoru Takesue  Arao Tsuruta 《Journal of Oceanography》1978,34(6):295-302

The activity of photosynthesis and the contents of chlorophylla and pheo-pigments were compared in the samples of the intake and effluent seawater of Owase-Mita Thermal Power Plant and in the seawater samples in the Yoshimi Bay before and after heat treatment. At Owase-Mita Thermal Power Plant, after passage of sea water through the cooling system chlorophylla content reduced to about a half and pheo-pigment content doubled in August with high temperature (25–27C), but the contents of chlorophylla and pheo-pigments changed little in January with low temperature (16C); whereas the depression of photosynthetic activity after passing through the cooling system was 71–77 % in August and 31–46 % in January. In the laboratory experiments, the heat treatment at 34–43C for 7–8 sec., which resulted in temperature rise of 7–8C, gave the decrease of chlorophylla and an increase of pheo-pigments in August temperature (26.5C), but a slight decrease of chlorophylla and a slight increase of pheo-pigments in November at the initial temperature of 19.2C, while in January and December the samples with low initial temperature (11.6 and 10.8C) showed almost no change in the content of pigments; the decrease in photosynthetic activity was 32 % in August sample,ca. 11 % in November sample,ca. 15% in January and almost no change in December. It is concluded that the photosynthetic carbon assimilation of marine phytoplankton is suppressed by passing through the cooling system of a thermal power plant even at lower water temperature in winter, while the content of chlorophylla is affected very little at a temperature below 20C.  相似文献   

Role of heat and water transport in frost heaving of fine-grained porous media under negligible overburden pressure     

Yoshisuke Nakano  Kaoru Horiguchi 《Advances in water resources》1984,7(2):93-102

An equation accurately describing the rate of frost heave is derived by using the mixture theory of continuum mechanics. It is shown that the rate of frost heave is determined mainly by the rate of heat removal and the rate of water intake. When the phase equilibrium holds in the system, the relation between the rate of heat removal and the rate of water intake is shown to depend mainly on the phase composition data of a given medium.By studying reported experimental data, it is found that the phase equilibrium may hold until th rate of heat removal reaches a certain critical value. When the rate of heat removal exceeds this critical value, the phase equilibrium may possibly be disrupted for some media.  相似文献   

Role of phase equilibrium in frost heave of fine-grained soil under negligible overburden pressure     

Yoshisuke Nakano  Kaoru Horiguchi 《Advances in water resources》1985,8(2):50-68

The role of the phase equilibrium of water in frost heave was studied for two kinds of soil. The rate of frost heave and the rate of water intake were measured simultaneously under various rates of heat removal. The experimental data revealed a trend common for both soils that the rate of water intake attains its maximum at a certain critical rate of heat removal. The data were analyzed by using equations accurately describing the relation between these rates. The results of the analysis indicate a serious doubt about the validity of phase equilibrium in the system. Alternatively, an assumption was introduced that supercooling occurred between a frost front and an unfrozen part of the soil. It was shown that supercooling could explain the data well under certain conditions.  相似文献   

Upper and middle crustal deformation of an arc–arc collision across Hokkaido, Japan, inferred from seismic refraction/wide-angle reflection experiments     

Takaya Iwasaki  Keiji Adachi  Takeo Moriya  Hiroki Miyamachi  Takeshi Matsushima  Kaoru Miyashita  Testsuya Takeda  Takaaki Taira  Tomoaki Yamada  Kazuo Ohtake 《Tectonophysics》2004,388(1-4):59

The Hidaka Collision Zone (HCZ), central Hokkaido, Japan, is a good target for studies of crustal evolution and deformation processes associated with an arc–arc collision. The collision of the Kuril Arc (KA) with the Northeast Japan Arc (NJA), which started in the middle Miocene, is considered to be a controlling factor for the formation of the Hidaka Mountains, the westward obduction of middle/lower crustal rocks of the KA (the Hidaka Metamorphic Belt (HMB)) and the development of the foreland fold-and-thrust belt on the NJA side. The “Hokkaido Transect” project undertaken from 1998 to 2000 was a multidisciplinary effort intended to reveal structural heterogeneity across this collision zone by integrated geophysical/geological research including seismic refraction/reflection surveys and earthquake observations. An E–W trending 227 km-long refraction/wide-angle reflection profile found a complicated structural variation from the KA to the NJA across the HCZ. In the east of the HCZ, the hinterland region is covered with 4–4.5 km thick highly undulated Neogene sedimentary layers, beneath which two eastward dipping reflectors were imaged in a depth range of 10–25 km, probably representing the layer boundaries of the obducting middle/lower crust of the KA. The HMB crops out on the westward extension of these reflectors with relatively high Vp (>6.0 km/s) and Vp/Vs (>1.80) consistent with middle/lower crustal rocks. Beneath these reflectors, more flat and westward dipping reflector sequences are situated at the 25–27 km depth, forming a wedge-like geometry. This distribution pattern indicates that the KA crust has been delaminated into more than two segments under our profile. In the western part of the transect, the structure of the fold-and-thrust belt is characterized by a very thick (5–8 km) sedimentary package with a velocity of 2.5–4.8 km/s. This package exhibits one or two velocity reversals in Paleogene sedimentary layers, probably formed by imbrication associated with the collision process. From the horizontal distribution of these velocity reversals and other geophysical/geological data, the rate of crustal shortening in this area is estimated to be greater than 3–4 mm/year, which corresponds to 40–50% of the total convergence rate between the NJA and the Eurasian Plate. This means that the fold-and-thrust belt west of the HCZ is absorbing a large amount of crustal deformation associated with plate interaction across Hokkaido Island.  相似文献   

Probabilistic seasonal streamflow forecasts of the Citarum River,Indonesia, based on general circulation models     

Netrananda?SahuEmail authorView author&#;s OrcID profile  Andrew?W.?Robertson  Rizaldi?Boer  Swadhin?Behera  David?G.?DeWitt  Kaoru?Takara  Manish?Kumar  R.?B.?Singh 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2017,31(7):1747-1758

In this study we discuss probabilistic forecasts of Citarum River streamflow, which supplies 80 % of the water demands in Jakarta, Indonesia, based on general circulation model (GCM) output, for the September–November (SON) season. Retrospective forecasts of precipitation made over the period 1982–2010 with two coupled-ocean atmosphere GCMs, initialized in August, are used in conjunction historical streamflow records, with a cross-validated regression model. Pearson’s product moment correlation skill values of 0.58–0.67 are obtained, with relative operating characteristic scores of 0.67–0.84 and 0.74–0.92 for the lower and upper tercile categories of flows respectively. Both GCMs thus demonstrate promising ability to forecast below/above normal streamflow for the Citarum River flow during the SON season.  相似文献